談第五種語言技能--翻譯
A Talk on the
Fifth Language Skill
金陵
翻譯: 將一種語言表達的意義用另一種語言表達出來,就叫翻譯。 1. Translation
and Interpretation 2.
Literal /Verbal Translation(直譯)
and Free Translation(意譯) (1)
A contented mind is a
perpetual feast. (2)
Who keeps company with the
wolf will learn to howl. (3)
. . .that government of the
people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (4)
The love of money is the root
of all evil. (5)
The mills of God grind
slowly. (6)
One swallow does not make a
summer. (7)
He is between the devil and
the deep sea. (8)
The tongue is not steel, yet
it cuts. (9)
To err is human; to forgive,
divine. (10) Every human life is insignificant unless you make it great. 3. Transliteration(音譯) 4.
Chinglish Translation(中式英文翻譯) (1) 余小子,不知天高地厚,請指教。(astronomy, geology) (2) 華陀再見(古文=再現) (3) 交通規則: Left (左) is right (對,右) 。 Right (右,對) is wrong (錯)。 (4) 郭沫若幽默回應外籍人士稱讚其為文學家,藝術家,政治家等時說: 「處處為家,無家可歸。」 5. Principles
of Translation:hsin, ta, and ya 信、達、雅 (1) 余英時:faithfulness, comprehensibility, and elegance. (2) 趙元任:fidelity,fluency,and elegance. (3) Ronald A. Knox: accurate, intelligible, and readable. (4) Alexander Fraser Tytler: a. The translation should be a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. b. The style and manner of the writing should be of the same character with that of the original. c. The translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 6.
Prerequisites for Being a Translator (1) Mastery of both source language(原語) and target language(譯語). Source language a. Familiarity breeds contempt. (proverb) (a) 熟悉而生輕視之心。親暱生狎侮。(牛津高級英英英漢雙解辭三版) (b) 親暱生狎侮。近廟欺神。(文馨當代英漢辭典) (c) 過分親密會招來輕蔑。(遠東新知識英漢辭典) (d) 親暱生狎侮。親不敬、熟生蔑。(建宏多功能英漢辭典) (e) 虎生猶可近,人熟不堪親。(本人譯 增廣昔時賢文中句) b.
" But this life is half made up of partings...." c. "Never the time, never the place." -Robert Browning d.
a piece of chalk/
bread/ cake/ coin/ advice/ furniture/ linen/ "I want
to spend a penny, papa." a. 他加重語氣地說:「我從未見過這樣好的女孩。」 b.
他沒有對我說一句話。 (2)
Understanding of cultural
background, national character and customs. (3) Practice makes perfect. a.
天蒼蒼,野茫茫,風吹草低見牛羊。 b.
雲破月來花弄影。 c.
一夕之間風雲變色。 d. 慢走!(送客時客套語) 7.
Tips for Translators (1)
字酌句斟:兩(二)句三年得,一吟雙淚垂-賈島。為求一字妥,捋斷數根鬚。 (2) 一詞多義 a. 佳、良、好(人) b. A student of mine cut me dead on the campus yesterday. (3)
詞無定譯 a. Iranian
gunboat attacked an oil tanker, but no one was hurt or killed. (4)
Dictionaries a.
A Dictionary of New
English (10,000) b.
The Morrow Book of New
Words (8500 Terms Not Yet in Standard Dictionaries) (5)
It is the most famous scenic
spot in the county (country). a. seesaw / The Milky Way b.
eat one’s words 食言 ?失言? c.
go jump in the lake / (go
and) jump in the lake d.
I am not in a position to do so. e.
"I am not in a position to
judge whether this impression is correct, what I can do, though, is try in
this letter to reinforce what Secretary Baker told
your Foreign Minister and eliminate any uncertainty or ambiguity that might
exist in your mind about where we stand and what we are prepared to do.” 波灣戰爭時,國內某報之誤譯: f.
" (6) Translation obviously is not a simple two-way street between two languages. Rather, it is a busy intersection at which at least five thoroughfares meet -- the two languages with all their eccentricities, the cultures of the two speech communities, and the speech situation in which the statement was uttered. a.
university / college b. red light district / green light district c.
Wuchang Uprising / this woman
(這位女士、婦人,這個女人) 8.
Six Steps Towards Good Translation (1) 查生字及片語 (2)
找相等詞句或相當詞句 (3) 初譯 (4) 重組 a. 因果律 (a) The evenings were getting chilly because it was late September. (b)
Because it was late September, the
evenings were getting chilly. b.
時序律 c.
詞序律 d.
句序律 (5) 修改 (6) 潤飾 9.
Ways to Become a Self-taught Translator ※以上為本人演講大綱。近年來已在 政治大學外語學院,政治大學英語系、台北市教師研習中心,台中市中正文化中心,經濟部本部,新竹經濟部專業人員究研中心,師範大學翻譯研究所,台北商專,金陵女中,科見美語台北分校,科見美語台中分校,科見美語高雄分校,美加留學中心,學習出版社開辨之「英語教學專題研習班」四場,高雄市補教恊會,台北大學應用外語系,趙麗蓮教授文教基金會,開南大學應用英語系及中國大陸等地演講四十餘場。 ※ 回譯與英語教學 |