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October 27, 2004

 

§@ªÌ²¤¶¡G²{¥ô¬Fªv¤j¾Ç­^¤å¨t­Ý¥ô±Ð±Â¡A±Ð±Â·s»D­^»y----¾\Ū¡C´¿¥ô¬F¤j¤½¥ø¤¤¤ß»y¨¥²Õ¥D¥ô¡A¬F¤j­^¤å¨t¥D¥ô¡B¥~»y¾Ç°|°|ªø¡C

 

B. V-pp as pivot-element Type¡G

   ¡]¥HV-pp¡Õ°Êµü¹L¥h¤Àµü¡Ö¬°ºc¦¨½Æ¦X¦rªº¥D­n¦¨¤À¡^

  B-1¡]N-V-pp¡^¡G

      The dress which is made by a tailor costs much more expensive.

Ø          The tailor-made dress costs much more expensive.

¡]­q°µªº¦çªA¸û¬°©ù¶Q¡^

The wine which is made at home tastes wonderful.

Ø          The home-made wine tastes wonderful.

¡]°ê²£ªº°s¨ý¹D¤£¿ù¡^

 

  ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤°Êµü¡A¤@©w¬O³Q°Ê»yºA¡]Passive Voice¡^¡C¥X²{²v¬Û·íÀWÁc¡C

  B-2¡]Self-V-pp¡^¡G

      The scholar who was educated by himself passed away yesterday¡G

Ø          The self-educated scholar passed away yesterday.

¡]¨º¦ìµL®v¦Û³qªº¾ÇªÌ¬Q¤Ñ¥h¥@¡C¡^

The man who was made by himself started his business on a shoestring.

Ø          The self-made man started his business on a shoestring.

¡]¨º¦ì¥Õ¤â°_®aªº¤H¾a·¥¤Öªº¸ê¥»¶}©l°µ¥Í·N¡C¡^

 

  ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªº¤Ï¨­¥N¦Wµü¡]Reflexive Pronoun¡^¡A¤@«ß§ï¦¨Self¡Ð¦r¼Ë¡C

  B-3¡]Adj-V-pp¡^

      The food which is made ready is a steal.

Ø          The ready-made food is a steal.

¡]²{¦¨ªº­¹ª«»ù®æ¦pÀ˨Ӫº«K©yªF¦è¡C¡^

The meat which is roasted fresh looks awful.

Ø          The fresh-roasted meat looks awful.

¡]²{¯Nªº¦×¬Ý°_¨Ó«Üäú¤ß¡C¡^

  B-4¡]Adv-V-pp¡^¡G

1. The adverbs with the ending-ly.

The plan which was developed recently started with a bang.

Ø          The recently-developed plan started with a bang.

¡]³Ìªñµo®iªº­pµe¶i¦æªº¦³Án¦³¦â¡C¡^

2. The adverbs such hard¡Bfar¡Bwell¡Bill¡Bfast¡Betc.

The area which is hit hard has been declared a disaster zone.

Ø          The hard-hit area has been declared a disaster zone.

¡]¨ü·lÄY­«ªº¦a°Ï³Qµø¬°¨a°Ï¡C¡^

3. The adverbs of frequency¡Galways¡Busually¡Bsometimes¡Bseldom and never.

The law which is always criticized must make some adjustment.

Ø          The ever-criticized law must make some adjustment.

¡]¤@ª½¨ü§åµûªºªk³WÀ³°µ¾A«×ªº½Õ¾ã¡C¡^

 

  ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤¡A¦bÂàÅܽƦX¦r¹Lµ{¤¤¡AÀ³±Nalways§ï¦¨ever¡Ð¡A©Moften§ï¬°oft¡Ð¡A¨ä¾l·Ó­ì¦r¤£¥²§ó´«¡C

B-5¡]V-pp-P¡^ ¡]P.«Y«ü¤¶¨tµüPreposition¡^¡C

    The worker who was laid off staged a sit-in.

Ø          The laid-off worker staged a sit-in.

¡]³Qµô­ûªº¤u¤H¶}©lÀR§¤§Üij¡C¡^

    The plan which is well thought out works wonders.

Ø          The well-thought-out plan works wonders.

¡]¸g¹L²`«ä¼ô¼{ªº­pµeÀò±o¥O¤HÅå©_ªº¦¨¥\¡C¡^

 

   ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤¡A½Æ¦X¦r§Î¦¨¤j³¡¤À¨Ó¦ÛºD¥Î»y¡C

C-Adj as pivot-element Type¡G

  ¡]¥H§Î®eµü¬°ºc¦¨½Æ¦X¦rªº¥D­n¦¨¥÷¡C¡^

C-1¡]N-Adj¡^¡G

    The adjectives such as ¡G-conscious¡B-foolish¡B-free¡B-greedy¡B-happy¡B-high¡B-hungry¡B-long¡B-mad¡B-proof¡B-prone¡B-proud¡B-sich¡B-rich¡B-short¡B-thirsty¡B-weary¡B-wide¡B-wise¡B-worthy¡Betc.

    The candidate who is conscious of image was defeated in the election.

    =The image-conscious candidate was defeated in the election.

      ¡]ª`­«§Î¶Hªº­Ô¿ï¤H¿ïÁ|¥¢§Q¡C¡^

    The lawmaker who is greedy for power is looked down upon by the people.

    =The power-greedy lawmaker is looked down upon by the people.

    ¡]³g¶Õ³g§Qªº¥ß©e¥O¤HÁ@¤£°_¡C¡^

    The country which is rich in oil has a cradle-to-grave social welfare system.

    =The oil-rich country has a cradle-to-grave social welfare system.

    ¡]²±²£¥Ûªoªº°ê®a¬I¦æ²×¥ÍªÀ·|ºÖ§Q¨î«×¡C¡^

 

     ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤¡A§Î¦¨½Æ¦X¦r¹Lµ{¤¤¡A§Î®eµü«áªº¤¶¨tµü¡]be+Adj+prep+N¡^¡A¬ÒÀ³§R
°£¡C

 

     ¤S¦¹Ãþ«¬±`¥Has¡K..as«¬ºA¥X²{¡C¨Ò¤l¦p¤U¡G

     The sword is as sharp as razor = The razor-sharp sword.

     ¡]¾U¦p¤M¤ùªº¼C¡C¡^

 

¨ä¥L¨Ò¤l¦p¤U¡G

dirt-cheap¡]½â¦pÁT¤gªº¡^

feather-light¡]»´¦p¦Ð¤òªº¡^

fire-hot¡]¤õ¼öªº¡^

ice-cold¡]¦B§Nªº¡^

brand-new¡]¥þ·sªº¡^

paper-thin¡]Á¡¦p¯È¡A·¥·Lªº¡^

pitch-dark¡]º£¶Âªº¡^

rock-hard¡]µw¦p¥Ûªº¡^

sky-high¡]°ª¤J¶³¾]ªº¡A·¥°ªªº¡^

snow-white¡]³·¥Õªº¡^

C-2¡]Self-Adj¡^¡G

    The girl who is conscious of herself seldom goes to the party.

    =The self-conscious girl seldom goes to the party.

    ¡]²Û©Äªº¤k«Ä¤l«Ü¤Ö°Ñ¥[®b·|¡C¡^

 

     ¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤¡A¤£­n§Ñ°O§â¤Ï¨­¥N¦Wµü¡A§ï¦¨self¡Ð¦r¼Ë¡C

C-3¡]Adv-Adj¡^

    The threat which is always present makes people ill at ease.

    =The ever-present threat makes people ill at ease.

    ¡]¤@ª½¦s¦bªº«Â¯Ù¥O¤H¤£¦w¡C¡^

    The student who is often absent was eventually kicked out of school.

    =The oft-absent was eventually kicked out of school.

    ¡]±`±`¯Ê®uªº¾Ç¥Í²×©ó³Q¾Ç®Õ¶}°£¡C¡^

 

¦P¼Ëªº¡A¥»Ãþ«¬¤¤ªºalways¡Boften¡A¤Å§Ñ°O§ïªºever-¡Boft-¦r¼Ë¡C

D-P as pivot-element Type¡G

¡]¥H¤¶¨tµü¬°­ºªººD¥Î»y¡A¦¨¬°»s³y½Æ¦X¦rªº¥D­n¦¨¥÷¡^¡C

¦¹Ãþ«¬³Ì²³æ¡A³Ì®e©ö¡C¦b§ó´«¹Lµ{¤¤¡A°¦¦r³£¤£¥²§ó§ï§ó´«¡A¥u¦b¦r»P¦r¶¡¥[¤W³s¦r¸¹¡]hyphen¡^§Y¥i¡C¨Ò¤l¦p¤U¡G

  behind-the-scenes meeting¡]¹õ«áªº©Î¯µ±Kªº·|ij¡^

  a university is on the air.=An on-the-air university¡]ªÅ¤¤¤j¾Ç¡^

  The patient who has a nurse around the clock.

  =The patience has a round-the-clock nurse service.

¡]¨º¦ì¯f¤H24¤p®É¦³Å@¤h·ÓÅU¡C¡^

We will welcome our guests with open arms.

=We will give our guests a with-open-arms welcome.

¡]§Ú­Ì±N¥H³Ì¶©­«Åwªï¨Óªï±µ§Ú­Ìªº«È¤H¡C¡^

 

¨ä¥L¨Ò¤l¦p¤U¡G

on-the-run suspect¡]°k¤`¤¤ªº¶û¥Ç¡^

still-at-large murder¡]®ø»»ªk¥~ªº¥û¤â¡^

on-the-spot inspection¡]²{³õªºµø¹î¡^

across-the-board pay hike¡]¥þ½L©Êªº¥[Á~¡^

under-the-counter sale¡]¯µ±Kªº¥æ©ö¡^

over-the-counter medicine¡]¤½¶}¥X°âªºÃÄ¡A¬J¦¨ÃÄ¡^

 

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