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December 1, 2004

 

§@ªÌ²¤¶¡G²{¥ô¤å¤Æ¤j¾Ç­^¤å¨t°Æ±Ð±Â¡A²H¦¿¤j¾Ç­^¤å¨t³Õ¤h¡AµÛ§@¦³­^»yµo­µ½m²ß(»Pª÷³®¦XµÛ)µ¥ (2010¦~§ó·s)¡C

 

 

ÀHµÛ°ê»Ú¶T©ö©M¥@¬É®È¹Cªº¤é¯q¿³²±¡A¤f»¡­^»y (spoken English) ¤w¦¨¬°°ê¤H©M¥~Äy¤H¤h·¾³qªº¥D­n¤u¨ã¤F¡C©Ò¿×¡u·¾³q¡v(communication) ¬OÂù¦Vªº¡A²³æ¦a»¡¡A´N¬O¬J­nÅ¥À´¹ï¤è»¡¤F¨Ç¤°»ò¡A¤]­nÅý¹ï¤èª¾¹D¦Û¤v¦b»¡¤°»ò¡C­n°µ¨ìÂù¦V·¾³q¡A©T¶·¨ã³Æ¨¬°÷ªº³æ¦r©M¤åªk°ò¦¡A¦ý­Y¯à¥H¥¿½Tªºµo­µ¨Ó¶Ç¹F°T®§ (information)¡A±N§ó¬°¦³®Ä¡CŪªÌ­Y¤£«H¡A§Ú¥i¥HÁ|¤@­Ó³ø¯È¤W¥Zµn¹Lªº¯u¹ê¬G¨Æ¬°¨Ò¡C

 

¦³¤@¦¸¡A¤@¦ì¦Ñ¤¤¶]¨ì¬ü°êÆ[¥ú¡A¦b¾÷³õÂà¾÷³~¤¤¡A¦]¬°¤º«æ¡A¶]¥h°Ý¬üÄyªA°È­û¡A¡§Where¡¦s the rest room / / (´Z©Ò)¡H¡¨ªA°È­ûÅ¥¤F¡A¤Ï°Ý¹D¡A¡§Restaurant                                                   ¡`

 

(//) (À\ÆU)¡H¡¨¦Ñ¤¤»¡ ¡§Yes¡¨¡AªA°È­û«K§i¶D¥L¡A«e­±¤£»·³B´N¬O¡C½Öª¾¦Ñ¤¤©¹«e¨«¤F¤j¥b¤Ñ¡A®Ú¥»¤£¨£¥ô¦ó¡§rest room¡¨¡A¥u¦³¤@¶¡»¨µØªº¡§restaurant¡¨¡C³o¦ì¦Ñ¤¤¤ÏÀ³¤£°÷¾÷ÆF¡A¤£ª¾¹D¦Û¤v¬O¦]¬°µo­µ¤Ó¯}¡A¤~¤Þ¨Ó³o³õ»~·|¡AÁÙ¶]¥h¿³®v°Ý¸o¡Aµ²ªG¦¨¤F³ø¤Wªº¯º¸Ü¤@«h¡C

 

¾Ç²ßµo­µ¡A°£¤F¯à¨Ï·¾³q§ó¬°²M·¡¥~¡A¹ï©ó³æ¦rªº°O¾Ð¤]¦³«Ü¤jªº¥\®Ä¡C°ê¥ß¬Fªv¤j¾Ç¥~»y¾Ç°|«e°|ªøª÷³®±Ð±Â¡A´¿¦b <¾Ç²ß­^¤å³æ¦rªº­n³Z> ¤@¤å¤¤«ü¥X¡G»y­µ(pronunciation) ©M³æ¦r«÷ªk (spelling) ¤§¶¡¡A¦³¬Û·í±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡C­Y¯à¼ôª¾³æ¦rªºµo­µ¡A«K¯à«Ü§Ö¦a±qŪ­µ¥hÁp·Q¦r¥À¡A±q¦Ó¥¿½T¦a«÷¥X¸Ó¦r¡C³\¦h¾Ç¥Í¥u¾a¤ÏÂЧۼg¡A¨Ó¼W±j¹ï³æ¦rªº°O¾Ð¡Aµ´¹ï¬O¨Æ­¿¥\¥bªº¿ù»~¤èªk¡A«D¦ý¤£©ö°O¦í¡A¤Ï¦]«j±j°O¦í¡A¦Ó±`©ö¿ò§Ñ¡A©Î»P¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü³æ¦r²V²c¡C

 

¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b¾Ç²ß­^¤åªº¹Lµ{ùØ¡A­Y¯à®É®É¯d·N¡u»y­µ¡v©M¡u³æ¦r«÷ªk¡vªºÃö«Y¡A¤[¦Ó¤[¤§¡A´N·|¤F¸Ñ¡u­µ¼Ð¡v©M¡u¦r¥À¡vªº¬Û¹ïÃö«Y¡AÄ´¦p¡G

(1)¤U­±³æ¦r¤¤ªº¡Aa¡Ae¡Ai¡Ao¡Au¡A¥ª¦Cµoªø­µ¡A¦Ó¥k¦C«hµoµu­µ¡C

Name   /e/          nap   /æ/

Pete    /i/             pet   //

Mine   //         miss  // 

Note   //           not   //

Duke  //         duck  //

(2)¥À­µ¦r¥À()¦b®z­µ¸`®É¡A±`µo // ©Î // ªº­µ¡C¦p¡G

review, condition

//     //

about, systematic

//       // //

(3)¦r¥Àer¦h¥bµo // ©Î // ªº­µ¡C¦p¡G

determine, sister

//                //

(4)¥À­µ¦r¥Àa¡Ao¡Au¡A±µtionªº¦r§À®É¡A°áªø­µ /e/¡A/o/¡A/ju/¡A¦p¡G

education, motion, execution

/e/                /o/            /ju/

(5)¤l­µ¦r¥Àc¡A¤@¯ë°á /k/¡A¦pcat¡Acup¡Acome¡Aclock¡A¦ý¬O³Ì«á±µe¡Ai©Îy®É¡A°á /s/ ªº­µ¡A¦p¡G

cent¡Acity¡C

/s/      /s/

 

³o¨Ç¹ïÀ³ªºÃö«Y¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¤£¶È©ó¤W­zªº¤­ºØ¡A¥u¬O¦¹³BµLªk¸ÔºÉ¦CÁ|¡A¦P¾Ç­Y¦³¿³½ì¡A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¸Õ§@¤ÀÃþ¡C¦Ó³o¨Ç¹ïÀ³ªºÃö«Y¨Ã¤£¶·­n¦º­I¡A¥u­n¦b¨C¦¸¸I¨ì·sªº³æ¦r®É¡A¶Ô¬d¦r¨å¡A§â­µ¼Ð°O¨c¡A¦A§â¹ïÀ³Ãö«Y¥[¥H²z¸Ñ¡A´N¥i¥H¤F¡C¯à°÷¤F¸Ñ³o­Ó­ì«h¡A¥H«á§Y¨Ï¬Ý¨ì¤F¸ûªø¥B­¯¥Íªº¦r¡A¦panticipation¡A¤]¯à¤£°²«ä¯Á¦Óºë½T¦aŪ¥X³o¦r¡G

//¡C¤Ï¤§¡A­Y¬OÅ¥¨ì¤@­Ó­¯¥Í¦r¡A¦p//¡A¤]¯à«ö¨äµo­µ¦Ó«÷¥X¸Ó¦r¡Gcontroversy¤F¡C

 

¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡A¡u­^»yµo­µ¡v¦b¾Ç²ß­^»yªº¹Lµ{ùØ¡AÁÙ§êºt¤F¤Q¤À­«­nªº¨¤¦â¡A¤£®e§Ú­Ì©¿µø©O¡I²{¦b´NÅý§Ú­Ì½Í½Í¾Ç²ß­^»yµo­µ®É±`¹J¨ìªº¤@¨Ç´Æ¤â°ÝÃD¡C

 

(¤@)¤l­µ¨S¦³¡u¥t¤@¥b¡v®É¡A­n«ç»ò°á¡H

­^»yªº¤l­µ¡A¤j³¡¤À©M§Ú­Ì°ê»yÁn¥À¬Û¦ü¡A©Ò¥H¾Ç°_¨ÓÁٺⲳæ¡F¦ý¬O­^»y¤¤ªº¤l­µ¡A¤£¹³°ê»y¤¤ªºÁn¥À¡A¨­Ãä¤@©w¦³­Ó¡u¦o¡v(¥À­µ)¡C­^»y¤¤ªº¡u¤l­µ¡v¦³®É·|³æ¿W¥X²{¦b¦r§À¡AÄ´¦p¡GBob¡Atalk¡Adog¡Awatch¡Afishµ¥¡F¦³®É­Ô¤S·|¨â¤T­Ó¦¨羣¥X²{¦b¦r­º©Î¦r¤¤¡AÄ´¦p¡Gspy¡Astop¡Astrong¡Areflect¡Aµ¥¡C«Ü¦h¦P¾Ç»¡ºD¤F°ê»y¡A¤£¦Ûıªº´N·|¦b¨C­Ó¤l­µ«á­±¥[­Ó¥À­µ¡A©ó¬O¥G­ì¥»¬yºZ®®¦Õ¡B¸`«µ¤À©úªº­^¤å»y¥y¡A¤@¤U¤l´N³Q¨º¨Ç¦h¾lªº¥À­µ¡u©ì¡v¦¨¤F¤£§Ô¨òÅ¥ªº¡u¬v®ùÀØ¡v¡A±Ð¤H¤À¤£²M¬O­^»y§í©Î¬O¤é¤å¤F¡C

 

¨ä¹ê¡A½m²ß³oÃþ¤l­µ©Î¤l­µ羣ªº°áªk¡A¦³¨â­Ó­n³Z¡G(1)¾Ç²ß§â¦r§Àªº¤l­µ§t¦b¤f¤¤¡A¤£­n¦R¥X¨Ó¡F(2)¾i¦¨¥ý§l®ð¦Aµo¤l­µ羣ªº²ßºD¡A«Ý¼ô½m«á¡A¦Û¥iÀH¤ß©Ò±ý¡A±±¨î¸Î¦p¤F¡C

 

(¤G)¦p¦ó±±¨î¥À­µªºªøµu¡H

®Ú¾Ú¢ó.¢ó.­µ¼Ð¡A­^»yªº¥À­µ¥i¤À¬°¨âÃþ¡A§Y¡uÂù¥À­µ¡v»P¡u³æ¥À­µ¡v¡CÂù¥À­µ /¡A¡A/ ±q²Å¸¹¬Ý¡A´Nª¾¹D§t¦³¨â­Ó³æ¥À­µ¡Aµo­µ®É­n±q²Ä¤@­Ó¥À­µ²¾¦Ü²Ä¤G­Ó¥À­µ¡A¦p // ­n±q // ²¾¦Ü //¡A// ­n±q // ²¾¦Ü //¡A// ­n±q // ²¾¦Ü //¡A¦ÛµM¤ñ³æ¥À­µ¨Ó±oªø¡C

 

¤£¹L¡A¦b³æ¥À­µùØ­±¡A¦³¨Ç­µ¹³ /e¡Ao/¡A¨ä¹ê¦P¼Ë¨ã¦³Âù¥À­µªº©Ê½è¡A°áªº®É­Ô¤]

­n±q¤@­Ó¥À­µ²¾¦Ü¥t¤@­Ó¥À­µ¡A¦p /e/ ¬O±q // ²¾¦Ü //¡A// ¬O±q // ²¾¦Ü //¡A©Ò¥H©MÂù¥À­µ¤@¼Ë¬Oªø¥À­µ¡C¥t¥~¡A¦³¨Ç³æ¥À­µ¡A¦p /¡A¡A¡A/ ¥Ñ©óµo­µ®É¦Ù¦×¸û¥Î¤O¡A©Ò¥HÁn­µ¤]¸ûªø¡C

 

¤F¸Ñ¤F­Ó§O¥À­µªº©Ê½è¤§«á¡AÅý§Ú­Ì¬Ý¬Ý¥À­µ¦b³æ¦r¤¤·|¦p¦ó¨üÀô¹Òªº¼vÅT¡A¦Ó²£¥ÍªøµuªºÅܤơC ¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A¥À­µ¦b¡u¦³Án¤l­µ¡v¤§«e¸ûªø¡A¦b¡uµLÁn¤l­µ¡v¤§«e¸ûµu¡A¦p /æ/ ¦bbag¤¤¸ûªø¡A¦bback¤¤«h¸ûµu¡F// ¦b feet¤¤¸ûµu¡A¦bfeed¤¤«h¸ûªø¡C

 

¥Ñ¤W¬Ý¨Ó¡A¥À­µªºªøµu¤£¬Oµ´¹ïªº¡C¦b½m²ß®É´NµL¶·¤ç¤ç­p¸û¡A¤Ó¹L§bªO¡A­«­nªº¬O¯à°÷§â´¤³æ­µªº¯S½è»P¨äÅܤƪº­ì«h¡A«K¯à»´»´ÃPÃPªº§â¥À­µ¾Ç¦n¤F¡C

 

(¤T)¦p¦ó´x´¤­^»yªº¸`«µ·P¡H

«Ü¦h¦P¾Ç°á­^¤åªº®É­Ô¡A³ßÅw¤@­Ó¦r¤@­Ó¦rªº°á¡A¥J²ÓÅ¥¡A¦n¹³¨C­Ó¦rªºµo­µ³£«Ü¥¿½T¡A¦ý¬O¾ãÅé³s³e¨ÓÅ¥¡A«o¹³¬O°á¸g¡A¤@ÂI¨à¤]¤£¹³­^¤å¡C

 

³o¨Ç¦P¾Ç³£¥Ç¤F¤@­Ó¤ò¯f¡A¨º´N¬O¡A¥L­Ì©¿²¤¤F­^»y¬O¤@­ÓÁ¿¨s¸`«µªº»y¨¥¡C²³æ¦a»¡¡A­^»yªº¡u¸`«µ¡v(rhythm)¡A¬O¥Ñ¤@­Ó­«­µ¸`©M¤@­Ó(©Î¤@­Ó¥H¤W)»´­µ¸`¥æ¤¬¥X²{¦Ó§Î¦¨ªº¡C¥H¤U¥y¬°¨Ò¡G

In recent years jogging has come to enjoy great popularity.

¡P  ¡´ ¡P         ¡´    ¡´   ¡P  ¡P           ¡´    ¡P       ¡P ¡´      ¡´   ¡P  ¡P        ¡´ ¡P ¡P

              (¤j°é¥Nªí­«­µ¸`¡A¤p°é¥Nªí»´­µ¸`)

 

 

­«Åªªº¦r¬O¦Wµü (years, jogging, popularity)¡A§Î®eµü (recent, great) ©M°Êµü (come, enjoy)¡A¤]´N¬O¹êµü (content words) Ãþ¡F»´Åªªº¦r¬O¤¶¨tµü (in, to) ©M§U°Êµü (has)¡A¤]´N¬O¥\¯àµü (function words) Ãþ¡C¥þ¥y¦³¤C­Ó­«­µ¡A¦]¦¹¦³¤C­Ó¸`©ç¡C¨C¤@¸`©ç¥²§t­«­µ¸`¤@­Ó¡A¦ý»´­µ¸`«o¤£¤@©w¡A¥i¦³¥iµL¡A¥i¦h¥i¤Ö¡C°á®É¨C¤@¸`©çªº®É¶¡¤@¼Ëªø¡A¦]¦¹¡A¤@©çùØ­±¡A­Y»´­µ¸`¼Æ¥Ø¤£¦h¡A»´­µ¸`´N°á±oºC¡A»y¬yªº³t«×·íµM¤]¸ûºC¡C¤Ï¤§¡A»´­µ¸`¼Æ¥Ø·U¦h¡A»´­µ¸`´N°á±o·U§Ö¡A»y¬yªº³t«×¦ÛµM¤]·|¸òµÛ§Ö°_¨Ó¡C

 

¬°¤FÀ°§U¦Û¤v§â¥y¤lªº¸`«µ§ä¥X¨Ó¡A½m²ß»¡­^»y®É¡A¥i¥H¥Î¤â¨Ó¥´©ç¤l¡C

¤U­±¦A½Í¤@¨Ç»¡­^»y®É¡A¦³§U©ó­^»y¬yºZªº¯S§O§Þ¥©¡C

 

(1)   ³s­µ (linking)¡C¦pIt¡¦s an interesting game because it shows that reactions of people                       ¡` ¡`                                    ¡`                                

 

to different things and tells you a lot about the people themselves. ¥y¤¤ªº¡u¤l­µ

                          ¡`                         ¡`

¦r§À¡v©M ¡u¥À­µ¦r­º¡v¥i¥H³s¦b¤@°_¡C

(2)   ­µªº®z¤Æ (reduction)¡C ¦p¡G(a) She¡¦ll // make a cake.  (b) You¡¦re // just in time.  (c) What have you // done?  (d) You could have // said so.  (e) That would // be good. (f) Give him // some. ¥y¤¤¥\¯àµüªº¥À­µ¡A³q±`·|³Q®z¤Æ¦¨ /¡A¡A/ ªº­µ¡A¦Ó¦r­ºªº¤l­µ¦³®É·|³Q®ø­µ¡C

(3)­µªº¦P¤Æ (assimilation)¡C¦p¡G(a) Is this your // book?  (b) Is your // brother coming?  (c) What¡¦s your // name?  (d) Hide your // camera.  ¥y¤¤¦r§Àªº¤l­µ©M¦r­ºªº¥b¥À­µ // ³sۮɡA»y­µ²£¥Í¤F¦P¤Æªº²{¶H¡C³o¨Ç¯S§O§Þ¥©¡A¨Ã¤£§xÃø¡A¥u­n±`±`½m²ß¡A´N¯à¶ê¼ô¡C

 

½Í¨ì»y½Õ (intonation)¡A¤@¯ë¦P¾Ç³£ª¾¹D¡u123¤W¤É¡v©M¡u231¤U­°¡vªº°ò¥»»y½Õ¡C¦ý¬O­^¤å¥y¤l¦³ªø¦³µu¡A·Q­n¤@¤f®ð¡B¥Î¤@ºØ°ò¥»»y½Õ°á§¹¤@­Óªø¥y¡A´X¥G¬O¤£¥i¯àªº¨Æ¡C©Ò¥H¦³®É¥²¶·±Nªø¥y©î´²¦¨´X­Ó¡u¦r羣¡v¤è¥i¡A¨C¬q¡u¦r羣¡v­ì«h¤W¥H¤@¤f®ð»¡§¹¬°·Ç¡A§Ú­ÌºÙ¥¦¬°¡u®ð羣¡v(breath group)¡F¦Ü©ó¦b¤åªk¤W±K¤£¥i¤Àªº¤@羣¦r¡A§Ú­ÌºÙ¥¦¬°¡u·N羣¡v(thought group)¡C¨Ò¦p¤U­±³o­Óªø¥y¡A´N¥i¥H¤À¦¨¤T­Ó¡u®ð羣¡v¡B¤C­Ó¡u·N羣¡v¡GOnce upon a time / there was a farmer / who had two sons, / and they all lived together / in a little village / tucked away / in a great valley.

¤T­Ó¡u®ð羣¡v¬O¡G

(1) Once upon a time there was a farmer who had two sons

(2) and they all lived together in a little village

(3) tucked away in a great valley.

¤C­Ó¡u·N羣¡v¬O¡G

(1)   Once upon a time  (2) there was a farmer  (3) who had two sons  (4) and they all lived together  (5) in a little village  (6) tucked away  (7) in a great valley.

 

¥J²ÓÅé·|¤W­z¨Ò¥y¡A¥iª¾¦b¹ê»Ú°á®É¡A®ð羣¤§¶¡°±¹y (pause) ¸ûªø¡A¦Ó·N羣¤§¶¡°±¹y«h¸ûµu¡C°±¹y³B¡A¬°¤Fªí¥Ü»y·N¥¼§¹¡Aµø±¡ªp»Ý¨D¡AÁn½Õ¶·°±¦b2©Î3 ªº­µ¶¥¤W¡Aµ¥¥þ¥y³Ì«á¤@­Ó¦r»¡¥X®É¡A¤~­°¦Ü1ªº­µ¶¥¡C

 

¤U­±¦A½Í¡u·N羣¡v¹º¤Àªº­ì«h¡C¨s³º¨º¨Ç¦r羣¥i¥H¦Û¦¨¤@羣©O¡H²³æ¦a»¡¡A¥Dµü¡A­z»y¡A°Æµü¤ù»y¡A¤¶µü¤ù»y¡A¤Àµü¤ù»y¡A§t¦³who¡Athat¡Awhich¡Awhen¡Awhereµ¥Ãö«Yµüªº¤l¥yµ¥¡A§¡¥i¦Û¦¨¤@­Ó³æ¤¸¡C

 

¦P¾Ç­Y¯à«ù¤§¥H«í¡A¨C¤Ñ§ä¤@¤p¬q¤å¦r¨Ó½m²ß¡uÂ_¥y¡v¡A¬Û«H¤£¤[¤§«á¡A­^»y´N·|©M­^¬ü¤H¤h»¡±o¤@¼Ë¬y§Q¶¶ºZ¤F¡C

 

¥H¤W©Ò½Í¬Oµ§ªÌ±Ð±Â­^»yµo­µ¦h¦~¤§³¡¤À¤ß±o¡A¤]¬Oªì¾Ç­^»yµo­µªÌ±`©ö©¿²¤ªº¤@¨Ç²{¶H©M°ÝÃD¡CÂÔ¦¹´£¥X¡A§Æ±æ¯àÀ°§U¦³¤ßªºÅªªÌ§ó¤W¤@¼h¼Ó¡C·íµM¡A¾Ç²ß­^»yµo­µ¡A¬O¤£¯à¥þ¾a¦Û¤v½M°áªº¡A°£¤F¦hÅ¥¿ý­µ±a¡A¨Ã¼Ò¥é½m²ß¤§¥~¡A¦p¦³¥i¯à¡D³Ì¦n¦³¨}®v¯q¤Í¦b®Ç«ü¥¿¡A©l¥i¦¬¨Æ¥b¥\­¿¤§®Ä¡C

 

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